[Anarchy]

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In the Western scholarhip, the issue of Dhul-Qarnayn's identity was finally brought to a close by Nöldeke who established that Dhul-Qarnayn was none other than Alexander and the source of the Qur'anic narrations was the Syrian Christian Legend ascribed to Jacob of Serugh (d. 521 CE). Nöldeke dated the Christian Legend to 514-515 CE.[6] A similar claim that identifies Dhul-Qarnayn with Alexander was made by Newton and other Christian missionaries/apologists.[7] Nöldeke's position was accepted by many scholars[8] until it was discovered that the internal evidence of the Christian Legend suggested a post-Islamic date.